降低罹患乳癌風險

Breast cancer risk reduction can be managed in four different categories:
降低罹患乳癌風險的方式有以下4種類型：

*Increased Surveillance
密集追蹤

*Lifestyle Modifications
改善生活習慣

*Chemoprevention
藥物控制

*Preventative Surgery.
預防性手術


Some women who are found to be high risk may choose to have closer surveillance. Traditionally for average risk women guidelines for surveillance are:
乳癌高危險群婦女可選擇適度增加乳房篩檢次數，一般風險婦女的乳房篩檢指導原則如下：

*Monthly Self Breast Exam starting at age 18.
自18歲起每個月應定期自我檢查。

*Clinical Breast Exam semiannually starting at age 25.
自25歲起每半年應安排一次乳房特別門診檢查。

*Annual mammograms at age 40 or 5-10 years younger than any 1st degree relative.
自40歲起每年應安排定期乳房X光攝影檢查，或是比任何直系親屬再提早5~10年，即可安排檢查。

* American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Screening with MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography
美國癌症協會建議可使用乳房磁振造影增加乳房X光攝影的篩檢準確度。



New guidelines for very high risk women or women with a known genetic mutation are :
乳癌高危險群的最新篩檢指導原則如下：

*Monthly Breast Self Exam starting at age 18
　　自18歲起每個月應定期自我檢查。

*Clinical Breast Exam semiannually starting at age 25.
　　自25歲起每半年應安排一次乳房特別門診檢查。

*Annual mammograms alternating with breast MRI starting at the age of 25.
　　自25歲起每年可交替使用乳房Ｘ光攝影及乳房磁振造影進行篩檢。



Breast Health High Risk Breast Clinic can help develop a personalized surveillance program for you based on your risk factors for breast cancer.
乳癌高危險群特別門診能根據不同的乳癌高危險因子制訂個人篩檢計畫。

For extremely high risk women and women with known genetic mutations there are guidelines for increased ovarian survelillance. They are:
對於攜帶突變基因的特別高危險群婦女，以下是增加卵巢篩檢的指導原則：

*Concurrent transvaginal ultrasound and CA-125 (blood test) every 6 months starting at age 35 or 5-10 years earlier than the earliest age of first diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the family.
自35歲起，甚至可比家族中罹患卵巢癌之親屬的年齡更提早5~10年，每六個月應同時採行陰道超音波檢查及驗血報告。

Lifestyle Modifications 改善生活習慣

Diet: Some research suggests that diets low in fats may decrease your risk of breast cancer. We recommend avoiding diets high in saturated or hydrogenated fats such as peanut and vegetable oil and instead using fats such as canola or olive oil. We also recommend a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables which add cancer fighting anti-oxidants.
飲食控制：
部分研究顯示，減少飲食中脂肪的攝取量能幫助減低罹患乳癌的風險。我們建議避免食用過多的飽和脂肪酸及氫化油脂，例如花生、植物油等；菜籽油或橄欖油是較為合適的脂肪攝取來源。

Weight: Some research suggests that postmenopausal obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer. Maintaing a healthy weight and exercising regularly may reduce your risk of breast cancer and improve your general health.
體重控制：
部分研究認為，停經後的肥胖現象是導致乳癌的風險之一，維持健康的體重和規律的運動不僅能降低乳癌風險，還能維持你的整體健康。

Alcohol: Consuming more than 2 drinks of alcohol a day does increase the risk of breast cancer. Recent data suggests that dietary folate can counteract the effect of alcohol.
每酒精用量控制：
天的飲酒量若超過兩杯，會增加罹患乳癌的風險。最近的資料顯示膳食葉酸可以抵消酒精的影響。


Chemoprevention 化學治療

Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is a drug that is approved for breast cancer reduction in high risk women. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, this means it works by blocking the effects of estrogen in breast tissue, which can be a stimulant for breast cancer cell growth. It has been shown to reduce breast cancer risk by 50%.
抗雌激素：抗雌激素是一種已被核准用於降低乳癌風險的藥物。她是種選擇性的雌激素受體調節器，可調節乳癌高危險因子之一的雌激素對乳腺的影響。抗雌激素倍正時可降低50%的罹癌機率。

Oral Contraceptives: Oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations by as much as 54%.
口服避孕藥：口服避孕藥可以降低卵巢癌患者高達54%的BRCA1、BRCA2基因之突變機率。


Preventative Surgery 預防性手術

Preventative Mastectomy: Preventative Mastectomy is the removal of both breasts. Preventative Mastectomy significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer to the high 90% range.
預防性乳房切除手術：預防性乳房切除手術就是一種將雙邊乳房全數切除的手術，可降低90%的罹癌機率。

Preventative Oophorectomy: Preventatice Oopherectomy is the removal of the ovaries for risk reduction. This procedure significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by as much as 96% and the risk of breast cancer by as much as 53%.
預防性卵巢切除手術：為了減低罹癌風險，可施行卵巢切除手術。此種措施可有效減少96%的卵巢癌機率和53%的乳癌機率。

For more information about ways you can reduce your risk call the High Risk Breast Clinic。
你可以聯繫乳癌高危險群篩檢門診得到更多減低癌機率的方法。